Spatial assessment of groundwater quality using CCME-WQI and hydrochemical indices: a case study from Talupula Mandal, Ananthapuramu district, South India

Abstract Fluoride contamination in groundwater is known from different villages of Talupula Mandal. In the present study part SoI toposheet no.57 J/8) Ananthapuramu district, Andhra Pradesh, magnitude and credible geogenic sources fluoride are studied. The carried out includes 30 samples covering an area 442.89 sq km using (GIS) (CCME-WQI) techniques. Problem causally related to intoxication human beings animals through drinking waters. Well waters Mandal surrounded areas carry a high level concentrations, much above internationally decided safety limits. ‘Fluorosis’ imminent as result prolonged intake with more than 1 1.5 ppm fluoride. testing results borewell pump test kit reveal that about 50% show concentration 4.0 mg/l, 30% between 2.0 3.0 mg/l 20% 1–2 (BIS permissible limit: mg/l). Agriculture indices follows: sodium percentage (Na%) was found ranges (20.04–55.26), absorption ratio varies 0.86 3.91), Kelly's (KR) 0.22 1.16, residual carbonate ? 4.12 20.66), permeability index (PI) 39.00 82.28, magnesium hazard 52.83 85.47, potential salinity (0.71–3.15); shown majority were suitable for irrigation uses. According Gibbs’ Gibbs (0.04–0.45) 2 (0.44–0.81) fall rock dominance. Major ion compositions plotted on Piper tri-linear diagram indicate water Ca-HCO3 type mixed Ca–Mg–Cl type. indicates chemistry mostly controlled by processes (weathering, dissolution exchange) some extent anthropogenic activities.